Heat Illness: Symptoms and Prevention

Heat-Related Disorders

Heat stroke occurs when the body no longer sweats and body temperature reaches dangerous levels. Symptoms of heat stroke include:
Dry, hot reddish skin and lack of sweating
High body temperature
Strong, rapid pulse
Chills
Confusion
Slurred speech

Heat exhaustion is the body’s response to the loss of water and salt, typically through sweating. Symptoms of heat exhaustion include:
Excessive sweating
Weakness or fatigue
Dizziness and/or confusion
Clammy skin
Muscle cramps
Flushed complexion

Heat cramps are painful cramps in the body’s muscles due to low salt levels and are typically caused by excessive sweating. Symptoms of heat cramps include:
Muscle pain usually in the abdomen, arm or legs.
Muscle spasms usually in the abdomen, arm or legs.

Heat Rash is an irritation of the skin caused by excessive sweating. Symptoms of heat rash include:
Red cluster of pimples or small blisters
Usually on neck and upper chest, groin area, under the breasts, and in elbow creases.

Ten Hot Weather Safety Tips:

1. Stay hydrated. Drink plenty of fluids; drink about 16 ounces before starting and 5 to 7 ounces every 15 or 20 minutes.
2. Avoid dehydrating liquids. Alcohol, coffee, tea and caffeinated soft drinks can hurt more than help.
3. Wear protective clothing. Lightweight, light-colored and loose-fitting clothing helps protect against heat. Change clothing if it gets
completely saturated.
4. Pace yourself. Slow down and work at an even pace. Know your own limits and ability to work safely in heat.
5. Schedule frequent breaks. Take time for rest periods and water breaks in a shaded or air conditioned area.
6. Use a damp rag. Wipe your face or put it around your neck.
7. Avoid getting sunburn. Use sunscreen and wear a hat if working outside.
8. Be alert to signs of heat-related illness. Know what to look for and check on other workers that might be at high risk.
9. Avoid direct sun. Find shade or block out the sun if possible.
10. Eat smaller meals. Eat fruits high in fiber and natural juice. Avoid high protein foods.